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增换甚永小袁岩汽找林茶只抄了古代部分，要看更近的历史去参考资料看吧
TheColosseumorColiseum,originallytheFlavianAmp来自hitheatre(Latin:AmphitheatrumFlavium,Italian360问答AnfiteatroFlav搞清核陈对更朝画界落ioorColosseo),isagiantamphitheatrei皇要志束烟验nthecentreofthecityofRome.Originallycapableofseating45,000–50,000spectators,itwasusedforgladiatorialcontestsandpublicspectacl散山es.ItwasbuiltonasitejusteastoftheRomanForum,withconstructionstartingbetween70and72A频书二电高DundertheemperorVespasian.Theamphitheatre,thelargesteverbuiltintheRomanEmpire,wascomplete包银实首正伯din80ADunderTitus,withfurthermodificationsbeingmadeduringDomitian'sreign.[1]
TheColosseumremainedinusefornearly500yearswiththelas读早内支林北听trecordedgamesbeingheldthereaslateasthe6thcentury-wel课文充使能升省速态lafterthetraditionaldateofthefallofRomein476.Aswellasthetraditionalgladiatorialgames,manyotherpublicspectacleswereheldther字e,suchasmockseabattles,animalhunts,executions,re-enactmentsoffamousbattles,anddramasbasedonClassicalmythology.Thebuildi期杀得况保特民ngeventuallyceasedtobeusedforentertainmentintheearlymedievalera.Itwaslaterreusedforsuchvariedpurposesashousing,workshops,quartersforar王eligiousorder,afortre呀万觉座缺剂督营起ss,aquarryandaChristianshrine挥老急政运服观此负.
Althoughitisnowinaseverelyruinedconditionduetodamagecausedbyearthquakesandstone-robbers,theColosseumhaslongbeenseenasanico球族奏校nicsymbolofImperialRomeandisoneofthefines方乡管阶战控坚响客眼修tsurvivingexamplesofRomanarchi光责械条写销完正心西半tecture.ItisoneofmodernRome'smostpopulartouristattractionsandstillhascloseconnectionswiththeRomanCatholicChurchandthePopeleadsatorchlit"WayoftheCross"processiontotheamphitheatreeachGoodFriday.
History
Ancient
AmapofcentralRomeduringtheRomanEmpire,withtheColosseumattheupperright***.ConstructionoftheColosseumbeganundertheruleoftheEmperorVespasian[1]inaround70–72.ThesitechosenwasaflatareaonthefloorofalowvalleybetweentheCaelian,EsquilineandPalatineHills,throughwhichacanalisedstreamran.Bythe2ndcenturyBCtheareawasdenselyinhabited.ItwasdevastatedbytheGreatFireofRomeinAD64,followingwhichNeroseizedmuchoftheareatoaddtohispersonaldomain.HebuiltthegrandioseDomusAureaonthesite,infrontofwhichhecreatedanartificiallakesurroundedbypavillions,gardensandporticoes.TheexistingAquaClaudiaaqueductwasextendedtosupplywatertotheareaandthegiganticbronzeColossusofNerowassetupnearbyattheentrancetotheDomusAurea.[2]
TheareawastransformedunderVespasianandhissuccessors.AlthoughtheColossuswaspreserved,muchoftheDomusAureawastorndown.ThelakewasfilledinandthelandreusedasthelocationforthenewFlavianAmphitheatre.GladiatorialschoolsandothersupportbuildingswereconstructednearbywithintheformergroundsoftheDomusAurea.Accordingtoareconstructedinscriptionfoundonthesite,"theemperorVespasianorderedthisnewamphitheatretobeerectedfromhisgeneral'sshareofthebooty."ThisisthoughttorefertothevastquantityoftreasureseizedbytheRomansfollowingtheirvictoryintheGreatJewishRevoltin70.TheColosseumcanbethusinterpretedasagreattriumphalmonumentbuiltintheRomantraditionofcelebratinggreatvictories.[2]Vespasian'sdecisiontobuildtheColosseumonthesiteofNero'slakecanalsobeseenasapopulistgestureofreturningtothepeopleanareaofthecitywhichNerohadappropriatedforhisownuse.Incontrasttomanyotheramphitheatres,whichwerelocatedontheoutskirtsofacity,theColosseumwasconstructedinthecitycentre;ineffect,placingitbothliterallyandsymbolicallyattheheartofRome.
TheColosseumhadbeencompleteduptothethirdstorybythetimeofVespasian'sdeathin79.Thetoplevelwasfinishedandthebuildinginauguratedbyhisson,Titus,in80.[1]DioCassiusrecountsthat11,000wildanimalswerekilledintheonehundreddaysofcelebrationwhichinauguratedtheamphitheatre.ThebuildingwasremodelledfurtherunderVespasian'syoungerson,thenewly-designatedEmperorDomitian,whoconstructedthehypogeum,aseriesofundergroundtunnelsusedtohouseanimalsandslaves.HealsoaddedagallerytothetopoftheColosseumtoincreaseitsseatingcapacity.
In217,theColosseumwasbadlydamagedbyamajorfire(causedbylightning,accordingtoDioCassius[3])whichdestroyedthewoodenupperlevelsoftheamphitheatre'sinterior.Itwasnotfullyrepaireduntilabout240andunderwentfurtherrepairsin250or252andagainin320.AninscriptionrecordstherestorationofvariouspartsoftheColosseumunderTheodosiusIIandValentinianIII(reigned425–450),possiblytorepairdamagecausedbyamajorearthquakein443;moreworkfollowedin484and508.Thearenacontinuedtobeusedforcontestswellintothe6thcentury,withgladiatorialfightslastmentionedaround435.Animalhuntscontinueduntilatleast523.[2]
